Installing Hadoop-1.x.x in Pseudo-Distributed Mode

Disclaimer: The installation steps shared in this blog post are typically for the hadoop-1.x.x series. If you are looking for hadoop-2.x.x series installation steps i.e. with YARN, this post isn’t the right place.

Hadoop installation can be done in the following three modes. This post elaborates the Pseudo-Distributed Mode.

• Standalone Mode

In this mode Hadoop is configured to run in a non-distributed mode, as a single Java process. This is useful for debugging. This is the default mode for Hadoop.

• Pseudo-Distributed Mode

Hadoop can also be run on a single-node in a pseudo-distributed mode where each Hadoop daemon runs in a separate Java process. Such a mode is called Pseudo-Distributed mode.

• Fully-Distributed Mode

In this mode we install, configure and manage non-trivial Hadoop clusters ranging from a few nodes to extremely large clusters with thousands of nodes.

Supported Platforms

GNU/Linux is supported as a development and production platform.

Win32 is supported as a development platform. Distributed operation has not been well tested on Win32, so it is not supported as a production platform.

Required Software

Required software for Linux and Windows include:

• Java^TM 1.6.x, preferably from Sun, must be installed.
• ssh must be installed and sshd must be running to use the Hadoop scripts that manage remote Hadoop daemons.
• Additional requirements for Windows includes Cygwin. Its required for shell support in addition to the required software above.

Installing Software

If your cluster doesn't have the requisite software you will need to install it.

•          For example on Ubuntu Linux:

$ sudo apt-get install ssh $ sudo apt-get install rsync

On Windows, if you did not install the required software when you installed cygwin, start the cygwin installer and select the packages:

•          openssh - the Net category

Download Hadoop

Obtain a Hadoop-1.x.x stable release from http://hadoop.apache.org/releases.html

• Unpack the downloaded Hadoop distribution. In the distribution, edit the file conf/hadoop-env.sh to define at least JAVA_HOME to be the root of your Java installation.
• Try the following command:

$ bin/hadoop

        This will display the usage documentation for the hadoop script.

• Now you are ready to start your Hadoop cluster in one of the three supported modes:

1. Local (Standalone) Mode
2. Pseudo-Distributed Mode
3. Fully-Distributed Mode

For the Pseudo-Distributed Mode we need to configure 3 files namely: 

conf/core-site.xml <configuration>         <property>                  <name>fs.default.name</name>             <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>                                                                            </property>  </configuration> conf/hdfs-site.xml <configuration>       <property>             <name>dfs.replication</name>                  <value>1</value>          </property> </configuration> conf/mapred-site.xml     <configuration>             <property>                    <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>                    <value>localhost:9001</value>              </property>     </configuration>

Setup Passphraseless SSH

•          We need to ssh to the localhost without a passphrase:
             $ ssh localhost 

•          If you cannot ssh to localhost without a passphrase, execute the following commands:

$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

(This command generates a public key on the system and stores it on ~/.ssh/id_dsa)

$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

(This command copies the public key to the set of authorized keys of the system)

This completes the ssh passphraseless setup process.

Start n Stop the Cluster

• Format a new distributed-file system:

$ bin/hadoop namenode -format

• Start the hadoop daemons:

$ bin/start-all.sh

•  Accessible UI

NameNode UI Port - 50070

JobTracker UI Port – 50030

• Stop the hadoop daemons:

$bin/stop-all.sh